About thermal updrafts

The sun warms the air on the ground. If it is warm enough, it rises. - that's what people say.
But there is much more that we now know about thermals.
I have compiled a few of my publications here for anyone who wants to take a closer look at the subject.
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Thermal Updrafts in the Wind

Thermal updrafts within the convective layer are vertically oriented even in the presence of wind, they move horizontally forward at the speed at which they detach from the ground

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The Formation of Thermals on the Ground

Data from measurement masts in Hamburg and Hyytiälä provide unique insights into thermal detachment over grass and forest

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Humidity, the Dominating Force of Thermal Updrafts

Over 90 hours of measurement data prove that updrafts are significantly influenced by humidity

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Read Temps - Recognise Flying Weather

What temps tell us about gliding weather

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In the Asse-Elm Resonance Wave to 2600 m

After accidentally stumbling into this wave, I wanted to know where it came from and discovered remarkable phenomena

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Correct interpretation of glider in-flight environmental sensing in thermal updrafts

If temperature measurements are to be made with an aircraft, measurement errors must be corrected, because otherwise one quickly comes to the misinterpretation that thermals are warmer than the ambient air

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"What goes up must come down"

About the circular flow of thermals

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Thermals Forecast with Temps

How to determine thermal strength from a temp


"Since the flying bird is in contact with no other body than the air surrounding it, the force that lifts it can only come from the air itself, and it must be the air or its properties that cause the bird to soar."  _Otto Lilienthal


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